{"id":5968,"date":"2020-01-23T14:49:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-23T12:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/information-torsion-springs\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T16:08:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T14:08:03","slug":"information-torsion-springs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-torsion-springs\/","title":{"rendered":"Information torsion springs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5969 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern.jpg\" alt=\"Torsion springs Gutekunst Springs\" width=\"600\" height=\"265\" data-wp-pid=\"1403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern-200x88.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Torsion springs, also known as torsional springs, are mechanical energy storage devices that absorb torque when the legs are subjected to an angular or rotational movement, which they then release when they return to their original position. Gutekunst Federn offers quick selection and procurement of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/products\/torsion_springs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> torsion springs in its catalog program<\/a> on<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Federnshop.com<\/a> 1600 different sizes in mild steel EN 10270-1 and stainless steel EN 10270-3-1.4310 directly from stock. And if there is no matching torsion spring available in the shop, then manufacture<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/welcome-to-gutekunst-federn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Gutekunst Federn<\/a> also any leg spring you want up to 12 mm wire thickness from the<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> various spring steels<\/a> in small quantities and large series.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-torsion-springs\/#Properties_of_torsion_springs_and_torsion_springs\" >Properties of torsion springs and torsion springs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-torsion-springs\/#Offer_torsion_springs\" >Offer torsion springs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_of_torsion_springs_and_torsion_springs\"><\/span>Properties of torsion springs and torsion springs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Torsion springs or torsion springs are made from round, oval or square spring steel wires. The<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\"> Spring steel wire<\/a> is mostly brought into any desired shape in the cold forming process, either by winding it around a mandrel or, in the case of fully automatic spring coiling machines, with the help of wire guide pins. The manufacturing tolerances are set from quality grade 1 (smallest tolerance) to quality grade 3 (greatest tolerance) according to DIN 2194. The torsion springs or torsion springs are calculated according to<a href=\"http:\/\/www.beuth.de\/de\/norm\/din-en-13906-3\/198895053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Standard EN 13906-3<\/a> . Gutekunst Federn provides the calculation for torsion springs or torsion springs<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/service-and-informations\/metal-spring-calculation-to-din-13906.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Spring calculation program WinFSB<\/a> at free disposal. A <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Schenkelfedern_Formeln_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collection of formulas for the torsion spring calculation<\/a> can be downloaded here.<\/p>\n<p>Torsion springs are usually <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/bauformen-metallfeden\/\">cylindrical<\/a> produced with a constant slope without winding spacings. Depending on the application, the legs can be led out tangentially, radially inside or outside, axially or axially parallel, etc. Below is a selection of possible leg shapes.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5970\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5970\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5970\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelformen.jpg\" alt=\"Torsion springs leg shapes\" width=\"700\" height=\"385\" data-wp-pid=\"1406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelformen.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelformen-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelformen-200x110.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelformen-600x330.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5970\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Examples of leg shapes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The torsion springs are available as standard in leg positions 0\/360 (A), 90 (B), 180 (C) and 270 \u00b0 (D). However, any required leg position can be created using the number of turns.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5971\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5971\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5971 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelstellungen-250x300.jpg\" alt=\"Torsion springs leg positions\" width=\"250\" height=\"300\" data-wp-pid=\"1408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelstellungen-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelstellungen-167x200.jpg 167w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelstellungen.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelstellungen-500x600.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5971\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leg positions<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The spring power of torsion springs is given as torque in Nmm. In order to calculate the spring force in N, the lever arm (RH) (distance from the center of the spring body to the force application point on the leg) must be determined and calculated using the following formula.<\/p>\n<p>The highest achievable spring force (Fn) then results from the division of the maximum torque (Mn) by the lever arm (RH):<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">Fn = \\frac{Mn}{RH}<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5974\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5974\" style=\"width: 281px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5974 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Schenkelfedern_Krafteinleitungspunkt-281x300.jpg\" alt=\"Torsion springs force introduction point lever arm RH\" width=\"281\" height=\"300\" data-wp-pid=\"1412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Krafteinleitungspunkt-281x300.jpg 281w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Krafteinleitungspunkt-187x200.jpg 187w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Krafteinleitungspunkt-375x400.jpg 375w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Krafteinleitungspunkt.jpg 531w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5974\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Force introduction point lever arm RH<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The force that can be achieved at a given angle of rotation (Alphax) is calculated by dividing the highest spring force (Fn) by the maximum angle of rotation (Alphan) multiplied by the angle of rotation (Alphax):<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">Fx = \\frac{Fn}{Alphan}\u00b7Alphax<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When calculating the spring force, the leg deflection (\u00df) must also be taken into account. This leg deflection increases, the longer the leg and the further away the force application point (RH) is from the center of the spring body.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1416\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1416\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5975 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelabbiegung.jpg\" alt=\"Torsion springs leg bend\" width=\"240\" height=\"226\" data-wp-pid=\"1416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelabbiegung.jpg 240w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfedern_Schenkelabbiegung-200x188.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1416\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leg bend<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In addition, torsion springs should only ever be loaded in the direction of the winding. For this reason, torsion springs are offered with identical left and right-hand winding. Torsion springs usually have one<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-characteristic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> cylindrical spring body with a linear spring characteristic<\/a> . We are not aware of any application examples with a progressive spring characteristic or conically tapering spring bodies.<\/p>\n<p>Spring systems with torsion springs can be used in one<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/parallelschaltung-federn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Parallel connection<\/a> will be realized. And because it works so well, with the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/products\/double_torsion_springs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> double torsion spring<\/a> even created its own type of spring to take advantage of the parallel connection.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1423\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1423\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5977\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Doppelschenkelfeder.jpg\" alt=\"Double torsion spring\" width=\"500\" height=\"233\" data-wp-pid=\"1423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Doppelschenkelfeder.jpg 500w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Doppelschenkelfeder-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Doppelschenkelfeder-200x93.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1423\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Double torsion spring<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The torsion springs from the Gutekunst springs catalogue range are not tempered after coiling, was den Vorteil hat, dass Schenkelabbiegungen und Schenkelk\u00fcrzungen jederzeit einfach selbst vorgenommen werden k\u00f6nnen. Tempering of the torsion springs is generally not necessary if the bending stress only ever occurs in the direction of the winding. torsion springs may therefore only be loaded in the direction of the winding! The torsion springs usually work via a mandrel that holds the spring in place. However, since the spring body narrows during the rotary movement, the smallest and largest possible mandrel diameter must be taken into account when choosing the inner coil diameter (Di). The friction created by the guide influences the suspension behavior, which takes the form of a<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/hystereseschleife-englisch\/\"> Hysteresis loop<\/a> maps. Part of the spring work is converted into heat and is therefore lost.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5709\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5709\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5709 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Zugfestigkeit_Spannungs-Dehnungsdiagramm-300x281.jpg\" alt=\"Tensile strength stress-strain diagram\" width=\"300\" height=\"281\" data-wp-pid=\"940\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5709\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stress-strain diagram \/ \u00a9 Maschinenbau-Wissen.de<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In addition, a certain percentage of the spring force is lost if the spring is loaded over a longer period of time at higher temperatures. This loss of strength is called<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/relaxation-for-springs\/\"> relaxation<\/a> and it increases with increasing temperature and tension. If, when the torsion spring is loaded, the bending stress exceeds the permissible value of the elongation limit, permanent deformation occurs, which is expressed in the unloaded position of the limb. In order to design the torsion spring for a longer service life, the stress correction factor &#8220;q&#8221; and the permissible stroke stress &#8220;\u03c3qh&#8221; should be taken into account when calculating. In addition, a surface strengthened by shot peening and a reduced load of up to 70 to 80 percent of the permissible bending stress support the service life.<\/p>\n<p>The torque or the<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/calculate-the-spring-constant\/\"> Spring stiffness<\/a> depend on<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\"> Spring steel wire<\/a> and the<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/calculate-spring-rate-for-cylindrical-springs\/\"> Torque rate<\/a> or torque constant. The torque rate also defines the ratio of the spring torque to the angle of rotation. Basically, the dimensioning of the torque can be influenced by the following measures:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wire diameter<\/strong> (d)<strong> greater<\/strong>&gt;<strong> spring harder<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Outer coil diameter<\/strong> (De)<strong> greater<\/strong>&gt;<strong> spring softer<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Number of coils<\/strong> (nt)<strong> greater<\/strong>&gt;<strong> spring softer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The selection of the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\">spring steel wire<\/a> not only influences the spring force, but also offers the right material properties for the various spring applications. In addition to normal unalloyed spring steel wires, stainless spring steels, SiCr-alloyed valve spring wires, copper alloys for good electrical properties, nickel alloys for high heat and corrosion resistance, and titanium alloys for the highest demands in aerospace engineering are used. There are also various<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/de\/service_informationen\/oberfl%C3%A4chenbehandlungen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> surface treatments<\/a> available to optimize the requirements of the spring.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Offer_torsion_springs\"><\/span>Offer torsion springs<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/welcome-to-gutekunst-federn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gutekunst Federn<\/a> offers<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/products\/torsion_springs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> torsion springs in 1600 different sizes<\/a> directly from stock or individually manufactured from the<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> various spring steels<\/a> up to 12 mm wire thickness in small quantities and large series.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/products\/torsion_springs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">You can find the torsion spring shop here<\/a> . For an individual and non-binding torsion spring offer, please send the required spring data to<a href=\"mailto:service@gutekunst-co.com\"> service@gutekunst-co.com<\/a> or contact our quotation department directly at (+49) 07123 960-197.<\/p>\n<p><em>Related Links:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/products\/torsion_springs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Torsion spring catalog with 1600 sizes from stock<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/metal-spring-calculation-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spring calculation program WinFSB<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/products\/torsion_springs\/springs-inquiry.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Torsion spring request<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/service-and-informations\/technical-advice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Technical support<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Torsion springs, also known as torsional springs, are mechanical energy storage devices that absorb torque when the legs are subjected to an angular or rotational movement, which they then release when they return to their original position. Gutekunst Federn offers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[550,456,862,857],"tags":[1276,1206,1279,1277,1278,616,1280,1275,1281,1273,1274],"class_list":["post-5968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-en","category-products","category-torsion-springs","category-wire-springs","tag-bending-stress","tag-elongation-limit-en","tag-force-introduction-point","tag-leg-shape","tag-lever-arm","tag-schenkelfedern-en","tag-spring-body","tag-torque","tag-torque-rate","tag-torsion-springs","tag-torsion-springs-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5968"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12442,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5968\/revisions\/12442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}