{"id":9045,"date":"2025-04-21T11:47:46","date_gmt":"2025-04-21T09:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/the-right-metal-spring\/"},"modified":"2025-04-22T16:40:04","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T14:40:04","slug":"the-right-metal-spring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/the-right-metal-spring\/","title":{"rendered":"The right metal spring"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9046 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Die_passende_Metallfeder.jpg\" alt=\"The right metal spring\" width=\"600\" height=\"294\" data-wp-pid=\"1843\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Die_passende_Metallfeder.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Die_passende_Metallfeder-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Die_passende_Metallfeder-200x98.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Selecting the right <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/selection-of-all-metal-springs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">metal spring for<\/a> the desired application is not always easy. In many technical books with constructional basics, the subject of springs is treated in a very general way. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If you are looking for a standard spring, you will find an extensive range of springs in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-catalog-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stock programme<\/a> with 12,600 sizes in mild steel and stainless steel. If not, send the desired spring parameters for design and quotation via the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/metal-spring-inquiry-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spring enquiry<\/a>. For clarity, we have compiled the most important parameters for determining the suitable metal spring below:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Compression springs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-compression-springs\/\">Compression springs<\/a> are by far the most commonly used. This is not only due to the direction of the force application, but mainly due to the better load characteristics of the compression spring. This is because compression springs are better able to handle larger forces and, for <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/types-of-stress-compression-springs\/\">fatigue applications<\/a>, load changes in excess of 10<sup>7.<\/sup> In addition to the large <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">selection of materials<\/a> for the various applications, the variety of uses for the compression spring can be easily extended with a wide range of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/de\/service-und-informationen\/informationen-zu-oberfl%c3%a4chenbehandlungen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">surface treatments<\/a>. Due to the performance data of the compression spring, it may even make more sense in some cases to convert a tension spring application to a compression spring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Tension springs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-extension-springs\/\">Tension springs<\/a> are the second most commonly used. Wherever the force has to be applied by tension rather than compression, there is no getting around the tension spring. In particular, the special <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/bauformen-metallfeden\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">design<\/a> with the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/eyelet-shapes-extension-springs\/\">eyelets<\/a> on both sides involves some risks that must be taken into account in the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/zugfedern-auslegung-video\/\">tension spring design<\/a>. Also, the fact that the tension spring completely loses its spring force in the event of a spring fracture should be taken into account when using a tension spring. With the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\">choice of material<\/a>, the range of applications of the tension spring is already largely exhausted, since the application of a surface treatment is only possible with increased effort due to the adjacent coils.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Schenkelfedern<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-torsion-springs\/\" target=\"{wpml_trans_unit_1_0_9_0_-1_1}\" rel=\"{wpml_trans_unit_1_0_9_0_-1_2} noopener noreferrer\">Torsion springs<\/a> are used for rotary movements, i.e. wherever bending stress occurs. There are no special designs for torsion springs, i.e. the spring body of a torsion spring is always cylindrical with a linear spring characteristic. Bei den Schenkelfedern kommt es eher auf die <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/schenkelabbiegungen-schenkelfeder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">individuelle Schenkelform<\/a> an, die optimal zur Krafteinleitung der Drehbewegung angeformt wird. As with the extension spring, it is also difficult to apply further properties to the torsion spring by means of a subsequent surface treatment due to the coils lying next to each other.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/the-right-metal-spring\/#Determination_of_the_spring_characteristic\" >Determination of the spring characteristic<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/the-right-metal-spring\/#Requirements_for_the_metal_spring\" >Requirements for the metal spring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/the-right-metal-spring\/#Videos\" >Videos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/the-right-metal-spring\/#The_most_important_spring_parameters_at_a_glance\" >The most important spring parameters at a glance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Determination_of_the_spring_characteristic\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Determination of the spring characteristic <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5316\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5316\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-characteristic\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5316 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Federkennlinien_600px.jpg\" alt=\"Spring characteristics\" width=\"600\" height=\"352\" data-wp-pid=\"1733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Federkennlinien_600px.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Federkennlinien_600px-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Federkennlinien_600px-200x117.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5316\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Spring characteristics<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Basically, metal springs are judged according to their characteristic curve. The <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-characteristic\/\">spring characteristic<\/a> is the character of the metal springs. This represents the ratio of the spring force &#8220;F&#8221; to the spring travel &#8220;s&#8221;. Depending on the spring type, <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/bauformen-metallfeden\/\">spring design<\/a>, coil spacing and spring system, <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-characteristic\/\">linear, progressive, degressive or combined spring characteristics<\/a> can be generated. In the case of a linear spring characteristic (Fig. b: cylindrical spring), the force is delivered evenly, in the case of a progressive characteristic (Fig. a: conical spring), the force development increases with the increase in load, and in the case of a degressive characteristic (Fig. c: disc spring), the force development decreases with the load.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5317\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5317\" style=\"width: 220px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-characteristic\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5317 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druck_Kenn_1.jpg\" alt=\"Figure d: Combined spring characteristic curve\" width=\"220\" height=\"243\" data-wp-pid=\"1150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druck_Kenn_1.jpg 220w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druck_Kenn_1-181x200.jpg 181w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5317\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure d: Combined spring characteristic curve<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the case of the combined spring characteristic curve (Fig. d: characteristic curve 5), different force states are mapped along the spring characteristic curve. This combined spring characteristic can be generated with the help of spring systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Requirements_for_the_metal_spring\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Requirements for the metal spring<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Once the character of the metal spring has been determined with the spring characteristic curve or the force curve, the following requirements must be clarified and specified for the optimum design of the metal spring:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Type of load and service life<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Static or quasi-static load with a time-constant (static) or time-varying load with less than 10,000 load cycles in total or stroke stress up to 0.1 x continuous stroke strength.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/types-of-stress-compression-springs\/\" target=\"{wpml_trans_unit_1_0_18_1_0_0_-1_1}\" rel=\"{wpml_trans_unit_1_0_18_1_0_0_-1_2} noopener noreferrer\">Dynamic loading<\/a> with a time-varying load with more than 10,000 load cycles in total and stroke stresses exceeding 0.1 x continuous stroke strength. In this process, the metal spring is usually installed preloaded and subjected to a periodic swell load with a sinusoidal curve, which occurs randomly, as in the case of car suspensions, for example. This can also lead to abrupt changes in forces. For dynamic loads, mainly compression springs and occasionally tension springs with screwed-in spring ends are suitable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Operating temperature<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_591\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-591\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/relaxation-for-springs\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9050 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Relaxationsverlauf_Grafik-300x184.png\" alt=\"Graphic relaxation course\" width=\"300\" height=\"184\" data-wp-pid=\"591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Relaxationsverlauf_Grafik-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Relaxationsverlauf_Grafik-1024x628.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Relaxationsverlauf_Grafik-600x368.png 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Relaxationsverlauf_Grafik-200x123.png 200w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Relaxationsverlauf_Grafik-800x491.png 800w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Relaxationsverlauf_Grafik.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-591\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relaxation process<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The operating temperature has a decisive influence on the selection of the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\">appropriate material<\/a>. For this reason, there are preferred spring steels for <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-for-low-temperatures\/\">low temperature<\/a> and for <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/maximum-working-temperature-of-spring-materials\/\">high temperature applications<\/a>. Especially for high temperature applications, the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/relaxation-for-springs\/\">relaxation of<\/a> the spring material must be taken into account in the force design. A loss of force occurs under permanent tension and higher temperatures, which increases with rising temperature and duration of load.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ambient medium<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In what environment is the metal spring used? Does the spring have to be corrosion resistant or resistant to aggressive acids? Is it used in the food industry or does it have to be medically pure? All these issues influence the selection of the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-properties\/\">spring steel wire<\/a> and a possible final <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/de\/service_informationen\/oberfl%C3%A4chenbehandlungen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">surface treatment<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Required spring forces and spring deflections<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9048 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Vorgespannte_Federkraft_F1_s1_L1-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"Preloaded spring force F1 at s1 or L1\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" data-wp-pid=\"1864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vorgespannte_Federkraft_F1_s1_L1-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vorgespannte_Federkraft_F1_s1_L1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vorgespannte_Federkraft_F1_s1_L1-200x137.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9047 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Gespannte_Federkraft_F2_s2_L2-300x206.jpg\" alt=\"Tensioned spring force F2 at s2 or L2\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" data-wp-pid=\"1863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gespannte_Federkraft_F2_s2_L2-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gespannte_Federkraft_F2_s2_L2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gespannte_Federkraft_F2_s2_L2-200x137.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">What <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/calculate-spring-force\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spring forces<\/a> should the metal spring produce at certain spring deflections? In most cases, the springs are installed preloaded, i.e. the spring already generates a certain preload force at rest. This force is described as &#8220;F1&#8221; preloaded spring force. For this purpose, the required spring force must be specified, which the spring is to achieve in the tensioned state. This spring force is described as &#8220;F2&#8221; tensioned spring force. In addition to these two spring forces, the respective spring deflections &#8220;s1&#8221; and &#8220;s2&#8221; or spring lengths &#8220;L1&#8221; and &#8220;L2&#8221; must be determined. Especially with dynamic loads, the spring stroke &#8220;sh&#8221; is important, which describes the spring travel between &#8220;s1&#8221; and &#8220;s2&#8221;, or between &#8220;L1&#8221; and &#8220;L2&#8221;. The smaller the spring stroke, the better the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/types-of-stress-compression-springs\/\">dynamic load capacity of<\/a> the metal spring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/types-of-stress-compression-springs\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6644 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_Schwingungsschaubild_dynamisch.jpg\" alt=\"Vibration diagram compression spring dynamic\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\" data-wp-pid=\"1762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_Schwingungsschaubild_dynamisch.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_Schwingungsschaubild_dynamisch-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_Schwingungsschaubild_dynamisch-200x124.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_Schwingungsschaubild_dynamisch-400x248.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Available installation space<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">What are the dimensions of the installation space in which the spring is to be used? What diameter and what length may or must the metal spring have so that it can be installed? These dimensions are a prerequisite for the design of the appropriate springs. The tolerance values of the respective dimensions in the resting and loaded condition must also be taken into account.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Installation situation<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3193\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/hystereseschleife-englisch\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3193\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Hystereseschleife_600-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Hysteresis loop steel springs\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" data-wp-pid=\"1239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hystereseschleife_600-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hystereseschleife_600-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hystereseschleife_600-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hystereseschleife_600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hystereseschleife_600-270x270.jpg 270w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hystereseschleife_600-230x230.jpg 230w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hystereseschleife_600-400x400-cropped.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hysteresis loop<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For this purpose, the installation situation must be checked, depending on the compression, tension or torsion spring. If, for example, the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-compression-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compression spring<\/a> is guided by a mandrel or inside a sleeve, the friction during the spring work must be taken into account in a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/hystereseschleife-englisch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hysteresis loop<\/a>. If the compression spring is installed without a guide, the different buckling limits for the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-end-bearings-and-buckling-limits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">various spring end bearings<\/a> must be taken into account. With extension <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-extension-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">springs<\/a>, on the other hand, the position at which the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/eyelet-shapes-extension-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eyelets<\/a> are hooked in is important. Thus, the optimum force application for extension springs is centric on both eyes along the longitudinal axis of the spring. Very often eyelets are also laid out on the side. This must be taken into account accordingly in the spring design. And for the leg <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-torsion-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spring<\/a>, the leg shape and the winding direction must be adapted to the installation situation. In addition, it is important with torsion springs that they are only ever loaded in the direction of coiling.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-end-bearings-and-buckling-limits\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5485 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Knickfederweg.jpg\" alt=\"Spring ends mounts and storage\" width=\"500\" height=\"210\" data-wp-pid=\"94\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Knickfederweg.jpg 500w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Knickfederweg-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Knickfederweg-200x84.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Tolerance field<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finally, the tolerance zone of the respective spring type must be taken into account. This is because every metal spring is manufactured within a certain tolerance range during production, so that the spring is optimally manufactured for the application. This tolerance zone is shown for metal springs in grades 1, 2 and 3. Normally, metal springs are manufactured in quality grade 2, which corresponds to a tolerance field of up to ten percent, especially for smaller spring dimensions. For grade 1, with higher manufacturing costs, the tolerance zone is smallest and for grade 3, with lower manufacturing costs, the tolerance zone is largest.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Videos\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Videos<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/P9tni0JEkik\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cqsZmGz7Tng\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_most_important_spring_parameters_at_a_glance\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>The most important spring parameters at a glance<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In summary, all important spring parameters for an optimal spring selection and spring design of the metal spring:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Spring type<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-compression-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Compression spring<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-extension-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tension spring<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-torsion-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Torsion spring<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-systems-for-special-tasks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spring system<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Spring characteristic<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-characteristic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linear &#8211; progressive &#8211; degressive &#8211; combined<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Type of load and service life<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/types-of-stress-compression-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">static &#8211; dynamic<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Lifetime<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/fatigue-strength\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Total load change (spring strokes)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Operating temperature<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/relaxation-for-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ambient temperature in which the spring is used<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ambient medium<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-steel-wires-and-their-properties\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Liquids, gases &#8230; in which the spring is inserted<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Spring forces for certain spring deflections or spring lengths<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba Preloaded spring force = <strong>F1<\/strong> at <strong>s1<\/strong> or <strong>L1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba tensioned spring force = <strong>F2<\/strong> at <strong>s2<\/strong> or <strong>L2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>F1<\/strong> preloaded spring force in N<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s1<\/strong> Spring travel preloaded or <strong>L1<\/strong> Spring length preloaded<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>F2<\/strong> tensioned spring force in N<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s2<\/strong> Spring travel cocked or <strong>L2<\/strong> Spring length cocked<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Available installation space<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba Length and width of the installation space<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba Length of spring between force application points<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Installation situation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>for compression springs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba Guidance by mandrel and\/or sleeve<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-end-bearings-and-buckling-limits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">without guide observe the buckling limit of the spring end bearing<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>for extension springs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/compact-knowledge-about-tension-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Force application centralized or decentralized<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba Eyelet position (twisting angle of the eyelets to each other) and eyelet position (centric\/lateral)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>for torsion springs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/schenkelabbiegungen-schenkelfeder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Leg shape for optimum force absorption<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u25ba <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/information-torsion-springs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Winding direction of the load<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Metal springs with a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-characteristic\/\">linear spring characteristic<\/a>, in the spring materials normal steel EN 10270-1 and stainless steel 1.4310, can be found in 12,600 spring sizes in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-catalog-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gutekunst spring catalogue<\/a>. For all non-linear spring applications, please simply send the required spring parameters to <a href=\"mailto:verkauf@gutekunst-co.com\">order@gutekunst-co.com<\/a> or use the Gutekunst <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/metal-spring-inquiry-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">enquiry form<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Related Links:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/spring-catalog-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gutekunst spring catalog<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/metal-spring-calculation-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gutekunst spring calculation WinFSB<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/en\/metal-spring-inquiry-selection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gutekunst spring request<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selecting the right metal spring for the desired application is not always easy. In many technical books with constructional basics, the subject of springs is treated in a very general way. If you are looking for a standard spring, you<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11783,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[550,457,456,987,857],"tags":[1466,501,786,699,506,1198,616,1989,2349,2350,1459,1950,437,1467,438,2348],"class_list":["post-9045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-en","category-knowledge","category-products","category-service-en","category-wire-springs","tag-dynamische-beanspruchung-en","tag-federkennlinie-en","tag-federnberechnung-en","tag-federnkatalog-en","tag-hystereseschleife-en","tag-loop-shapes","tag-schenkelfedern-en","tag-spring-design","tag-spring-design-en","tag-spring-end-bearings","tag-spring-material","tag-spring-steel-wire","tag-springs","tag-statische-beanspruchung-en","tag-tension-springs","tag-thigh-shapes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9045"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11748,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9045\/revisions\/11748"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}