{"id":10019,"date":"2022-01-04T14:55:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-04T12:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/"},"modified":"2022-01-04T14:55:04","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T12:55:04","slug":"design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/","title":{"rendered":"Design de molas met\u00e1licas &#8211; Parte 2 &#8220;C\u00e1lculo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na primeira parte desta s\u00e9rie de duas partes, <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/bem-vindo-a-gutekunst-federn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">o Gutekunst Federn<\/a> informou sobre os <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-1-nocoes-basicas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conceitos b\u00e1sicos do design de molas<\/a>. Nesta segunda parte voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 os dados do c\u00e1lculo concreto para o projeto de <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/informacion-muelles-de-compresion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">molas de compress\u00e3o<\/a>, molas de <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/muelles-de-traccion-de-informacion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extens\u00e3o<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/informacion-muelles-de-torsion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o). O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/de\/service-und-informationen\/federberechnung-nach-din-13906.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">programa de c\u00e1lculo da mola Gutekunst WinFSB<\/a> tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel para programa de c\u00e1lculo da mola Gutekunst WinFSB individual.<\/p>\n<p>O objectivo da concep\u00e7\u00e3o de uma mola de compress\u00e3o, de extens\u00e3o ou de tor\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 encontrar a mola mais econ\u00f3mica para a tarefa em quest\u00e3o, tendo em conta todas as circunst\u00e2ncias, que tamb\u00e9m se enquadre no espa\u00e7o dispon\u00edvel e atinja a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/dauerfestigkeit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vida \u00fatil<\/a> necess\u00e1ria. Para al\u00e9m destas exig\u00eancias de fabrico e material, o <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-ferramentas-praticas-de-servico\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">design correcto design<\/a> \u00e9 de particular import\u00e2ncia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>O projetista deve compilar os seguintes requisitos:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/tipos-de-tensao-molas-de-compressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tipo de carga<\/a> (est\u00e1tica ou din\u00e2mica)<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> vida \u00fatil<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong>   <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/federwerkstoffe-arbeitstemperatur\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Temperatura de funcionamento<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.  <\/strong> Meio ambiente<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.<\/strong>   <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/calcular-la-fuerza-de-muelles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">For\u00e7as necess\u00e1rias e deflex\u00f5es da mola<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong>. Espa\u00e7o de instala\u00e7\u00e3o dispon\u00edvel<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.<\/strong> Toler\u00e2ncias<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-1-nocoes-basicas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">situa\u00e7\u00e3o de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> (encurvadura, suspens\u00e3o transversal)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cada desenho de mola consiste em duas fases:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/funktions-festigkeitsnachweis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Comprova\u00e7\u00e3o do funcionamento<\/a><\/strong>: Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da velocidade da mola, das for\u00e7as e do curso da mola, do comportamento de vibra\u00e7\u00e3o, etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/funktions-festigkeitsnachweis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia<\/a><\/strong>: Verificar a conformidade com as tens\u00f5es permitidas ou a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Isto requer uma abordagem iterativa.<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia<\/strong> \u00e9 baseada na decis\u00e3o se a mola est\u00e1 sujeita a uma carga est\u00e1tica, quase-est\u00e1tica ou din\u00e2mica. Os seguintes crit\u00e9rios devem ser utilizados para a delimita\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carga<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/tipos-de-tensao-molas-de-compressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">est\u00e1tica ou quase-est\u00e1tica<\/a><\/strong>: carga temporalmente constante (est\u00e1tica) ou carga temporalmente vari\u00e1vel com menos de 10000 cursos no total.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/tipos-de-tensao-molas-de-compressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tens\u00e3o din\u00e2mica<\/a><\/strong>: cargas vari\u00e1veis no tempo com mais de 10000 golpes. A mola \u00e9 normalmente pr\u00e9-carregada e sujeita a uma carga peri\u00f3dica de incha\u00e7o com uma curva sinusoidal, que ocorre de forma aleat\u00f3ria (estocasticamente), por exemplo, nas suspens\u00f5es dos carros. Em alguns casos, ocorrem mudan\u00e7as abruptas em for\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ao dimensionar molas, devem ser especificados limites de carga que se baseiam nos <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/zugfestigkeit-federwerkstoffe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">valores de resist\u00eancia dos materiais<\/a> e levam em conta o tipo de carga. Para este efeito, est\u00e1 inclu\u00eddo um factor de seguran\u00e7a para determinar a tens\u00e3o admiss\u00edvel. Ap\u00f3s uma compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a tens\u00e3o real existente, o dimensionamento da mola deve ser revisto por um procedimento iterativo. Aplica-se o seguinte:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o nominal \u2264 tens\u00e3o admiss\u00edvel<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Calculo_de_molas_de_compressao\" >C\u00e1lculo de molas de compress\u00e3o<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Geral\" >Geral<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Formula_de_calculo_mola_de_compressao_cilindrica\" >F\u00f3rmula de c\u00e1lculo mola de compress\u00e3o cil\u00edndrica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Comprovacao_do_funcionamento_das_molas_de_compressao\" >Comprova\u00e7\u00e3o do funcionamento das molas de compress\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Mola_de_compressao_de_verificacao_de_resistencia\" >Mola de compress\u00e3o de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de resist\u00eancia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Relacoes_geometricas_para_molas_de_compressao\" >Rela\u00e7\u00f5es geom\u00e9tricas para molas de compress\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Calculo_da_mola_de_tensao\" >C\u00e1lculo da mola de tens\u00e3o<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Geral-2\" >Geral<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Formulas_de_calculo_mola_de_tensao_cilindrica\" >F\u00f3rmulas de c\u00e1lculo mola de tens\u00e3o cil\u00edndrica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Prova_funcional_da_mola_de_tensao\" >Prova funcional da mola de tens\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Verificacao_da_resistencia_das_molas_de_tensao\" >Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia das molas de tens\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Relacoes_geometricas_para_molas_de_tensao\" >Rela\u00e7\u00f5es geom\u00e9tricas para molas de tens\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Calculo_de_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\" >C\u00e1lculo de molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Geral-3\" >Geral<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Formulas_de_calculo_molas_de_torcao_cilindricas_molas_de_torcao\" >F\u00f3rmulas de c\u00e1lculo molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o cil\u00edndricas (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Verificacao_funcional_das_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\" >Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o funcional das molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Verificacao_da_resistencia_das_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\" >Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia das molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-2-calculo\/#Relacoes_geometricas_para_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\" >Rela\u00e7\u00f5es geom\u00e9tricas para molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Calculo_de_molas_de_compressao\"><\/span>C\u00e1lculo de molas de compress\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geral\"><\/span>Geral<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/calcular-a-taxa-de-molas-para-molas-cilindricas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">molas de compress\u00e3o cil\u00edndricas<\/a> com passo constante s\u00e3o mais comumente usadas na pr\u00e1tica. O fio \u00e9 formado a frio, enrolando-o em torno de um mandril. Dependendo da alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o do pino ascendente, o espa\u00e7amento da bobina e o contato da mola s\u00e3o regulados. Ap\u00f3s o enrolamento, a mola \u00e9 temperada a fim de reduzir as tens\u00f5es residuais na mola e aumentar o limite de elasticidade de cisalhamento. O <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/setzbetrag-druckfedern-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">montante estabelecido<\/a> \u00e9, portanto, reduzido. A temperatura e o tempo de resfriamento dependem do material; o resfriamento ocorre em ar \u00e0 temperatura ambiente normal.<\/p>\n<p>Outras opera\u00e7\u00f5es importantes na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de molas s\u00e3o a moagem e o ajuste. As extremidades das molas s\u00e3o normalmente retificadas a partir de uma espessura de arame de 0,5 mm para garantir um rolamento plano-paralelo da mola, bem como uma \u00f3tima transmiss\u00e3o de for\u00e7a.<\/p>\n<p>Se a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/schubspannung-berechnen-portugiesisch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tens\u00e3o de corte<\/a> exceder o valor admiss\u00edvel quando a mola \u00e9 carregada, ocorre uma deforma\u00e7\u00e3o permanente, que \u00e9 expressa na redu\u00e7\u00e3o do comprimento n\u00e3o tensionado. Este processo \u00e9 chamado de &#8220;cen\u00e1rio&#8221; na tecnologia de mola, que \u00e9 equivalente aos termos &#8220;rastejar&#8221; e<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/relaxamento-para-molas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">&#8220;relaxar<\/a>&#8221; da tecnologia de materiais. Para contrariar isto, as molas de compress\u00e3o s\u00e3o enroladas por mais tempo pela quantidade de ajuste esperada e posteriormente comprimidas para bloquear o comprimento. Esta pr\u00e9-fixa\u00e7\u00e3o permite uma melhor utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do material e permite uma maior carga na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o posterior.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formula_de_calculo_mola_de_compressao_cilindrica\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Druckfedern_Formeln_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">F\u00f3rmula de c\u00e1lculo mola de compress\u00e3o cil\u00edndrica<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>O c\u00e1lculo da <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/informacion-muelles-de-compresion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mola de compress\u00e3o<\/a> \u00e9 baseado nas equa\u00e7\u00f5es de c\u00e1lculo da DIN EN 13906-1:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-10020 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Druckfeder_technisch-1024x719.jpg\" alt=\"Ilustra\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica da mola de press\u00e3o\" width=\"750\" height=\"527\" data-wp-pid=\"2846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch-1024x719.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch-768x539.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch-600x421.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch-150x105.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch-400x281.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch-200x140.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfeder_technisch.jpg 1211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Figura: Diagrama de mola de compress\u00e3o te\u00f3rica<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comprovacao_do_funcionamento_das_molas_de_compressao\"><\/span>Comprova\u00e7\u00e3o do funcionamento das molas de compress\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>O seguinte aplica-se a molas de compress\u00e3o cil\u00edndricas feitas de arame com se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal circular:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Taxa de Primavera:  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=R%3D%5Cfrac%7B%20Gd%5E%7B4%7D%7D%7B8D%5E%7B3%7Dn%7D\" alt=\"R=\\frac{ Gd^}{8D^n}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>segue de R=F\/s:<\/p>\n<p><strong>For\u00e7a da mola:  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=F%3D%5Cfrac%7B%20Gd%5E%7B4%7Ds%7D%7B8D%5E%7B3%7Dn%7D\" alt=\"F=\\frac{ Gd^s}{8D^n}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>e..:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Viagens de Primavera:  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=s%3D%5Cfrac%7B8D%5E%7B3%7DnF%7D%7BGd%5E%7B4%7D%7D\" alt=\"s=\\frac{8D^nF}{Gd^}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mola_de_compressao_de_verificacao_de_resistencia\"><\/span>Mola de compress\u00e3o de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de resist\u00eancia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s as dimens\u00f5es da mola terem sido determinadas, a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia deve ser feita. Para este fim, a tens\u00e3o de cisalhamento existente \u00e9 determinada:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o do poder: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau%3D%5Cfrac%7B8DF%7D%7B%5Cpi%20d%5E%7B3%7D%7D\" alt=\"\\Tau=frac\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o fora do caminho:  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau%3D%5Cfrac%7BGds%7D%7B%5Cpi%20n%20D%5E%7B2%7D%7D\" alt=\"\\Tau=frac\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Enquanto a tens\u00e3o de cisalhamento \u03c4 deve ser usada para o projeto de molas com carga est\u00e1tica ou quase est\u00e1tica, a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/schubspannung-berechnen-portugiesisch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tens\u00e3o de cisalhamento corrigida<\/a> \u03c4k se aplica a molas com carga din\u00e2mica. A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o da tens\u00e3o de corte na sec\u00e7\u00e3o transversal do fio de uma mola \u00e9 desigual, a tens\u00e3o mais elevada ocorre no di\u00e2metro interno da mola. Com o fator de corre\u00e7\u00e3o de tens\u00e3o k, que depende da rela\u00e7\u00e3o de enrolamento (rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre o di\u00e2metro m\u00e9dio e a espessura do fio) da mola, a tens\u00e3o mais alta pode ser determinada aproximadamente. Para <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/tipos-de-tensao-molas-de-compressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">molas de compress\u00e3o carregadas dinamicamente<\/a>, o resultado \u00e9, portanto:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o de corte corrigida: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau_%7Bk%7D%3Dk%5Ctau\" alt=\"\\=k\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>onde se segura para k (de acordo com Bergstr\u00e4sser):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=k%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cfrac%7BD%7D%7Bd%7D%2B0%2C5%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7BD%7D%7Bd%7D-0%2C75%7D\" alt=\"k=frac{\\frac+0.5}{\\frac-0.75}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/p>\n<p>Agora a compara\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 feita com a tens\u00e3o admiss\u00edvel. Isto \u00e9 definido da seguinte forma:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o admiss\u00edvel: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau_%7B%7Bzul%7D%7D%3D0%2C5%5Ccdot%20R_%7B%7Bm%7D%7D\" alt=\"\\{}=0.5 {{}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/p>\n<p>e<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau_%7B%7Bczul%7D%7D%3D0%2C56%5Ccdot%20R_%7B%7Bm%7D%7D\" alt=\"\\{{czul}}=0.56 {\\i1}cdot R_{{m}}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/p>\n<p>Os valores para a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/zugfestigkeit-federwerkstoffe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resist\u00eancia m\u00ednima \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o R<sub>m<\/sub><\/a> dependem da espessura do fio e podem ser encontrados nas normas para os materiais correspondentes.<\/p>\n<p>Como regra geral, as molas de compress\u00e3o devem poder ser comprimidas at\u00e9 o comprimento do bloco, portanto, a tens\u00e3o admiss\u00edvel no comprimento do bloco t<sub>czul<\/sub> deve ser levada em considera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>No caso de tens\u00e3o din\u00e2mica, devem ser determinadas as <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/tipos-de-tensao-molas-de-compressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tens\u00f5es inferior e superior (t<sub>k<\/sub>1 e t<sub>k<\/sub>2)<\/a> do curso correspondente. A diferen\u00e7a \u00e9 a tens\u00e3o do curso. Tanto a tens\u00e3o superior como a tens\u00e3o de eleva\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o devem exceder os valores admiss\u00edveis correspondentes. Estes podem ser encontrados nos diagramas de resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga da EN 13906-1:2002. Se as tens\u00f5es suportarem esta compara\u00e7\u00e3o, a mola \u00e9 resistente \u00e0 fadiga a um n\u00famero limite de ciclos de carga de<sup>107<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relacoes_geometricas_para_molas_de_compressao\"><\/span>Rela\u00e7\u00f5es geom\u00e9tricas para molas de compress\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table width=\"662\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">Par\u00e2metro da mola<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\">Equa\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e1lculo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">N\u00famero total de voltas<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\">n<sub>t<\/sub> = n + 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">Comprimento do bloco da mola do solo<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\">L<sub>c<\/sub> = n<sub>t<\/sub> d<sub>max<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">Comprimento do bloco da mola n\u00e3o-terra<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\">L<sub>c<\/sub> = (n<sub>t<\/sub> + 1.5)d<sub>max<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">Comprimento \u00fatil mais pequeno<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\">L<sub>n<\/sub> = L<sub>c<\/sub> +S<sub>a<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">Comprimento sem tens\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\">L<sub>0<\/sub> = L<sub>n<\/sub> +s<sub>n<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Soma das dist\u00e2ncias m\u00ednimas entre os enrolamentos<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=S_%7Ba%7D%3D%5Cleft%20(0%2C0015%20%5Cfrac%7BD%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7Bd%7D%20%2B%200%2C1d%20%5Cright%20)%5Ccdot%20n\" alt=\"S_==esquerda (0.0015 {D^} + 0.1d {direita ){cdot n\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">Aumento do di\u00e2metro externo sob carga<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gradiente<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctriangle%20D_%7Be%7D%3D0%2C1%5Cfrac%7BS%5E%7B2%7D-08Sd-0%2C2d%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7BD%7D\" alt=\"\\Tri\u00e2ngulo D_=0,1\\frac{S^-08Sd-0,2d^}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=S%3D%5Cfrac%7BL0-d%7D%7Bn%7D\" alt=\"S=\\frac\" align=\"absmiddle\"> (terra)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=S%3D%5Cfrac%7BL0-2%2C5d%7D%7Bn%7D\" alt=\"S=\\frac{L0-2,5d}{n}\" align=\"absmiddle\"> (n\u00e3o cortado)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Deflex\u00e3o da mola de fivela (v\u00e1lida para diferentes <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/federendlagerungen-knickgrenzen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">coeficientes de rolamento<\/a> n, ver EN 13906-1:2002)<\/td>\n<td width=\"284\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10021\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfedern_Knickfederweg_Formel.png\" alt=\"Mola de compress\u00e3o F\u00f3rmula Deflex\u00e3o da mola de compress\u00e3o\" width=\"274\" height=\"85\" data-wp-pid=\"2850\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfedern_Knickfederweg_Formel.png 274w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfedern_Knickfederweg_Formel-270x85.png 270w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfedern_Knickfederweg_Formel-150x47.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Druckfedern_Knickfederweg_Formel-200x62.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Todas as molas dinamicamente tensionadas com uma espessura de arame &gt; 1 mm devem ser <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/kugelstrahlen-metallfedern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">remate peeningadas<\/a>. Isto permite alcan\u00e7ar um aumento na for\u00e7a do curso cont\u00ednuo. Ap\u00f3s a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o funcional e a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia, v\u00e1rios c\u00e1lculos geom\u00e9tricos devem ser efectuados e tidos em conta para poder encaixar a <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/a-mola-metalica-correspondente\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mola<\/a> na constru\u00e7\u00e3o do componente. O comprimento do bloco <em>n\u00e3o pode ser<\/em> inferior porque os enrolamentos est\u00e3o bem conectados, o menor comprimento utiliz\u00e1vel n\u00e3o <em>deve<\/em> ser inferior porque ent\u00e3o uma <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/federkennlinie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">curva de for\u00e7a linear<\/a>, bem como a capacidade de carga din\u00e2mica n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais garantidas. Al\u00e9m disso, devem ser tidas em conta as toler\u00e2ncias admiss\u00edveis de acordo com a norma DIN 2095.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Calculo_da_mola_de_tensao\"><\/span>C\u00e1lculo da mola de tens\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geral-2\"><\/span>Geral<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/muelles-de-traccion-de-informacion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">molas de<\/a> extens\u00e3o s\u00e3o enroladas ao redor de um mandril exatamente da mesma forma que as molas de compress\u00e3o, mas sem espa\u00e7amento entre as bobinas e com diferentes <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/oesenformen-zugfedern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">formas de ilh\u00f3s\/pontas<\/a> para a fixa\u00e7\u00e3o da mola. Os enrolamentos s\u00e3o apertados firmemente juntos no processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Esta <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimento-compacto-sobre-molas-de-tensao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pr\u00e9-carga interna F<sub>0<\/sub><\/a> depende da rela\u00e7\u00e3o de enrolamento e n\u00e3o pode ser terminada a qualquer n\u00edvel desejado. O <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/neues-federnberechnungsprogramm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">software de c\u00e1lculo WinFSB<\/a> da <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/bem-vindo-a-gutekunst-federn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gutekunst Federn<\/a> fornece valores de refer\u00eancia para a quantidade de pr\u00e9-carga ap\u00f3s a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o dos respectivos dados da mola.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-10022 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1.jpg\" alt=\"Tension Springs Oesenformen | Gutekunst Federn\" width=\"998\" height=\"353\" data-wp-pid=\"2852\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1.jpg 998w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1-300x106.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1-768x272.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1-600x212.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1-150x53.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1-400x141.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oesenformen-1-200x71.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Imagem: Formas comuns de ilh\u00f3s: a.) metade ilh\u00f3s Alem\u00e3o; b.) ilh\u00f3s Alem\u00e3o inteiro; c.) Olho de anzol; d.) ilh\u00f3s ingl\u00eas; e.) Gancho enrolado; f.) Pe\u00e7a aparafusada<\/p>\n<p>A vantagem das molas de extens\u00e3o \u00e9 que elas <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/federendlagerungen-knickgrenzen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">n\u00e3o se dobram<\/a>; a desvantagem \u00e9 o maior espa\u00e7o de instala\u00e7\u00e3o e a interrup\u00e7\u00e3o completa do fluxo de for\u00e7a no caso de ruptura da mola.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formulas_de_calculo_mola_de_tensao_cilindrica\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Zugfedern_Formeln_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">F\u00f3rmulas de c\u00e1lculo mola de tens\u00e3o cil\u00edndrica<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Correspondendo \u00e0s equa\u00e7\u00f5es de c\u00e1lculo para molas de compress\u00e3o, mas tendo em conta a for\u00e7a de pr\u00e9-tens\u00e3o, as seguintes rela\u00e7\u00f5es aplicam-se a molas de tens\u00e3o cil\u00edndricas feitas de arame redondo (ver tamb\u00e9m a Figura 1.8):<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-10023 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch.jpg\" alt=\"Diagrama de mola de tens\u00e3o te\u00f3rica | Gutekunst Federn\" width=\"1003\" height=\"472\" data-wp-pid=\"2853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch.jpg 1003w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch-768x361.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch-600x282.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch-150x71.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch-400x188.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Zugfeder_technisch-200x94.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Figura: Diagrama de mola de tens\u00e3o te\u00f3rica<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prova_funcional_da_mola_de_tensao\"><\/span>Prova funcional da mola de tens\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>O seguinte aplica-se a molas de tens\u00e3o cil\u00edndricas feitas de arame com se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal circular:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Taxa de Primavera: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=R%3D%5Cfrac%7BGd%5E4%7D%7B8D%5E3n%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7BF-F0%7D%7Bs%7D\" alt=\"R=\\frac{Gd^4}{8D^3n}=\\frac\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>segue de R=F\/s:<\/p>\n<p><strong>For\u00e7a da mola: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=F%3D%5Cfrac%7BGd%5E4s%7D%7B8D%5E3n%7D%2BF0\" alt=\"F=\\frac{Gd^4s}{8D^3n}+F0\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>e..:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Viagens de Primavera: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=s%3D%5Cfrac%7B8D%5E3n(F-F0)%7D%7BGd%5E4%7D\" alt=\"s=\\frac{8D^3n(F-F0)}{Gd^4}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verificacao_da_resistencia_das_molas_de_tensao\"><\/span>Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia das molas de tens\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tal como nos c\u00e1lculos das molas de compress\u00e3o, a tens\u00e3o de corte existente deve ser determinada.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o de cisalhamento: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau%3D%5Cfrac%7B8DF%7D%7B%5Cpi%20d%5E3%7D\" alt=\"\\Tau=frac\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Da mesma forma, a tens\u00e3o de curso corrigida deve ser calculada para tens\u00e3o din\u00e2mica.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o de corte corrigida: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau_%7B%7Bk%7D%7D%3Dk%5Ctau\" alt=\"\\{ }=k=tau\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o admiss\u00edvel: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Ctau_%7B%7Bzul%7D%7D%3D0%2C45%20%5Ccdot%20R_%7B%7Bm%7D%7D\" alt=\"\\{ }=0.45 {{}\" align=\"absmiddle\">         <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A tens\u00e3o m\u00e1xima tn existente no maior curso de mola<sub>sn<\/sub> \u00e9 igual \u00e0 tens\u00e3o permitida. No entanto, para evitar <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/relaxamento-para-molas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">o relaxamento<\/a>, apenas 80% desta viagem de primavera deve ser usada na pr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=s_%7B%7B2%7D%7D%3D0%2C8%20%5Ccdot%20s_%7B%7Bn%7D%7D\" alt=\"s_{}=0.8 \\cdot s_{}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e3o podem ser dados <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/dauerfestigkeit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">valores de resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga<\/a> geralmente v\u00e1lidos para tens\u00f5es din\u00e2micas, pois podem ocorrer tens\u00f5es adicionais nos <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/conhecimento-compacto-sobre-molas-de-tensao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pontos de flex\u00e3o dos ilh\u00f3s<\/a>, algumas das quais podem exceder as tens\u00f5es admiss\u00edveis. Portanto, as molas de tens\u00e3o s\u00f3 devem ser sujeitas a cargas est\u00e1ticas se poss\u00edvel. Se n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel evitar tens\u00f5es din\u00e2micas, devem ser evitados <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/oesenformen-zugfedern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ilh\u00f3s dobrados e<\/a>devem ser utilizadas <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/oesenformen-zugfedern\/\" target=\"{wpml_trans_unit_1_0_216_-1_1}\" rel=\"{wpml_trans_unit_1_0_216_-1_2} noopener\">pe\u00e7as finais enroladas ou aparafusadas<\/a>. Um teste de vida \u00fatil sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es de uso posteriores faz sentido. O endurecimento da superf\u00edcie por <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/kugelstrahlen-metallfedern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shot peening<\/a> n\u00e3o \u00e9 vi\u00e1vel devido \u00e0s bobinas muito espa\u00e7adas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relacoes_geometricas_para_molas_de_tensao\"><\/span>Rela\u00e7\u00f5es geom\u00e9tricas para molas de tens\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table width=\"662\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Par\u00e2metro da mola<\/td>\n<td width=\"397\">Equa\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e1lculo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Comprimento do corpo<\/td>\n<td width=\"397\">L<sub>K<\/sub> = (n<sub>t<\/sub> + 1)d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Comprimento sem tens\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td width=\"397\">L<sub>0<\/sub> = L<sub>K<\/sub> + 2 L<sub>H<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Altura do ilh\u00f3s meio ilh\u00f3s Alem\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td width=\"397\">L<sub>H<\/sub> = 0,55D<sub>i<\/sub> a 0,80D<sub>i<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Altura do ilh\u00f3s Alem\u00e3o inteiro<\/td>\n<td width=\"397\">L<sub>H<\/sub> = 0,80D<sub>i<\/sub> a 1,10D<sub>i<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Olho de anzol em altura<\/td>\n<td width=\"397\">L<sub>H<\/sub> &gt; 1.10D<sub>i<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"265\">Altura dos olhos ilh\u00f3s ingl\u00eas<\/td>\n<td width=\"397\">L<sub>H<\/sub> = 1.10D<sub>i<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Devem ser tidas em conta as toler\u00e2ncias de fabrico permitidas de acordo com a norma DIN 2097.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Calculo_de_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\"><\/span>C\u00e1lculo de molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geral-3\"><\/span><strong>Geral<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/informacion-muelles-de-torsion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> cil\u00edndricas enroladas (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o) t\u00eam essencialmente a mesma forma que as <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/informacion-muelles-de-compresion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">molas cil\u00edndricas de compress\u00e3o<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/muelles-de-traccion-de-informacion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extens\u00e3o<\/a>, mas com excep\u00e7\u00e3o das extremidades das molas. Estes s\u00e3o dobrados em forma de perna para permitir que o corpo da mola gire em torno do eixo da mola. Isto significa que existem muitas \u00e1reas diferentes de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o, por exemplo, como molas de retorno ou molas de dobradi\u00e7a. A mola de tor\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser montada em um mandril guia e a carga s\u00f3 deve ser aplicada na dire\u00e7\u00e3o do enrolamento. O di\u00e2metro interno \u00e9 reduzido no processo. As molas s\u00e3o normalmente enroladas sem inclina\u00e7\u00e3o. No entanto, se o atrito for absolutamente indesej\u00e1vel, as molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m podem ser fabricadas com espa\u00e7amento entre bobinas. Em caso de tens\u00e3o din\u00e2mica, certifique-se de que n\u00e3o existem curvas acentuadas nas extremidades das molas, a fim de evitar picos de tens\u00e3o imprevis\u00edveis.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formulas_de_calculo_molas_de_torcao_cilindricas_molas_de_torcao\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gutekunst_Schenkelfedern_Formeln_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">F\u00f3rmulas de c\u00e1lculo molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o cil\u00edndricas<\/a> (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>O c\u00e1lculo \u00e9 efectuado de acordo com as directrizes da EN 13906-3:2001:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch.jpg\" alt=\"Diagrama te\u00f3rico da mola de tor\u00e7\u00e3o | Gutekunst Federn\" width=\"1053\" height=\"843\" data-wp-pid=\"2855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch.jpg 1053w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-768x615.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-1024x820.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-600x480.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-150x120.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-400x320.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-200x160.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schenkelfeder_technisch-800x640.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1053px) 100vw, 1053px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Figura: Diagrama de mola de tor\u00e7\u00e3o te\u00f3rica \/ mola de tor\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verificacao_funcional_das_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\"><\/span>Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o funcional das molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Feather Mom Rate: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=R_%7BM%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7BM%7D%7B%5Calpha%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5E4E%7D%7B3667Dn%7D\" alt=\"R_=\\frac{\\alpha}=\\frac{d^4E}\" align=\"absmiddle\">  <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Momento primaveril: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=M%3DFR_%7BH%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5E4E%5Calpha%7D%7B3667Dn%7D\" alt=\"M=FR_=\\frac{d^4E\\alpha}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c2ngulo de rota\u00e7\u00e3o: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Calpha%3D%5Cfrac%7B3667DMn%7D%7BEd%5E4%7D\" alt=\"\\Alpha=frac\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verificacao_da_resistencia_das_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\"><\/span>Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia das molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A tens\u00e3o de flex\u00e3o existente \u00e9 determinada e comparada com a tens\u00e3o admiss\u00edvel. No caso de tens\u00e3o din\u00e2mica, a tens\u00e3o corrigida deve ser novamente utilizada para compara\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stress de flex\u00e3o: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Csigma%3D%5Cfrac%7B32M%7D%7B%5Cpi%20d%5E3%7D\" alt=\"\\Sigma=frac\" align=\"absmiddle\">     <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Correc\u00e7\u00e3o do stress de flex\u00e3o: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Csigma_%7B%7Bq%7D%7D%3Dq%20%5Csigma\" alt=\"\\sigma_{}=q \\sigma\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>onde q est\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=q%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cfrac%7BD%7D%7Bd%7D%2B0%2C07%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7BD%7D%7Bd%7D-0%2C75%7D\" alt=\"q=frac{\\frac+0.07}{\\frac-0.75}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tens\u00e3o de flex\u00e3o permitida: <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=%5Csigma_%7B%7Bzul%7D%7D%3D0%2C7Rm\" alt=\"\\sigma_{}=0.7Rm\" align=\"absmiddle\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>No caso de tens\u00e3o din\u00e2mica, devem ser determinadas as tens\u00f5es inferior e superior (t<sub>k<\/sub>1 e t<sub>k<\/sub>2) do curso correspondente. A diferen\u00e7a \u00e9 a tens\u00e3o do curso. Tanto a tens\u00e3o superior como a tens\u00e3o de eleva\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o devem exceder os valores admiss\u00edveis correspondentes. Para arames de a\u00e7o para molas, estes podem ser retirados dos diagramas de resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga da EN 13906-3:2001. Se as tens\u00f5es suportarem esta compara\u00e7\u00e3o, a mola \u00e9 resistente \u00e0 fadiga a um n\u00famero limite de ciclos de carga de<sup>107<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relacoes_geometricas_para_molas_de_torcao_molas_de_torcao\"><\/span>Rela\u00e7\u00f5es geom\u00e9tricas para molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o (molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"416\">Par\u00e2metro da mola<\/td>\n<td width=\"246\">Equa\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e1lculo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"416\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o do di\u00e2metro interno na carga m\u00e1xima<\/td>\n<td width=\"246\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=Di_%7Bn%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7BDn%7D%7Bn%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Calpha%7D%7B360%7D%7D-d%0A\" alt=\"Di_=\\frac{n+frac{\\alpha}}-d \" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"416\">Comprimento do corpo descarregado<\/td>\n<td width=\"246\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=Lk%3D(n%2B1%2C5)d%0A\" alt=\"Lk=(n+1,5)d \" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"416\">Comprimento do corpo na condi\u00e7\u00e3o de carga m\u00e1xima<\/td>\n<td width=\"246\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=Lk_%7Bn%7D%3D(n%2B1%2C5%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Calpha%7D%7B360%7D)d\" alt=\"Lk_=(n+1,5+\\frac{\\alpha})d\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"416\">Viagens de Primavera<\/td>\n<td width=\"246\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mathtex-equation-editor\" src=\"https:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chl=s_%7Bn%7D%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Calpha_%7Bn%7DR_%7BH%7D%7D%7B57%2C3%7D\" alt=\"s_= \\frac{\\alpha_R_}{57,3}\" align=\"absmiddle\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, devem ser consideradas as toler\u00e2ncias de fabrico de acordo com a norma DIN 2194.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Um resumo do artigo &#8220;Desenho de uma mola met\u00e1lica&#8221;, que consiste na <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-1-nocoes-basicas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Parte 1 &#8220;Fundamentos&#8221;<\/a> e na Parte 2 &#8220;C\u00e1lculo&#8221;, tamb\u00e9m pode ser baixado do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\/download\/pdf\/Gutekunst-Federn-1x1-2013-D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gutekunst Federn 1&#215;1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Se precisar de um <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/massdaten-federauslegung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">desenho individual de mola<\/a>, basta enviar-nos os dados chave da mola met\u00e1lica necess\u00e1ria para <a href=\"mailto:service@federnshop.com\">technik@gutekunst-co.com<\/a>, contactar o nosso departamento t\u00e9cnico pelo telefone (+49) 035877 227-11 ou utilizar o <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/neues-federnberechnungsprogramm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">programa de c\u00e1lculo de molas Gutekunst WinFSB<\/a> em <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federnshop.com\">https:\/\/www.federnshop.com<\/a> para c\u00e1lculo gratuito de molas de compress\u00e3o, molas de extens\u00e3o e molas de tor\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><em>Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/druckfedern-auslegung-video\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Design de mola de compress\u00e3o (v\u00eddeo)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/zugfedern-auslegung-video\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Design de mola de tens\u00e3o (v\u00eddeo)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/design-de-molas-metalicas-parte-1-nocoes-basicas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Design de molas met\u00e1licas &#8211; Parte 1 &#8220;No\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/massdaten-federauslegung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dados de medi\u00e7\u00e3o para o desenho da mola<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/neues-federnberechnungsprogramm\/\">Programa de c\u00e1lculo da Primavera WinFSB 8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/federstahldraht\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fios de a\u00e7o de mola e suas propriedades<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na primeira parte desta s\u00e9rie de duas partes, o Gutekunst Federn informou sobre os conceitos b\u00e1sicos do design de molas. Nesta segunda parte voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 os dados do c\u00e1lculo concreto para o projeto de molas de compress\u00e3o, molas de extens\u00e3o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10025,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[483,482,766,907,908,910,913],"tags":[2307,652,2459,2458,654,653],"class_list":["post-10019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunicado-de-imprensa","category-conhecimento","category-industria-pt","category-molas-de-arame","category-molas-de-compressao","category-molas-de-traccao","category-molas-especial","tag-calculo-da-mola","tag-druckfedern-pt-pt","tag-formulas","tag-formulas-de-calculo","tag-schenkelfedern-pt-pt","tag-zugfedern-pt-pt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10019"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10019\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.federnshop.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}